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                    <h1 class="text-body-emphasis" ><span data-i18n="1909f990755366f5e0e3acfbaecb3dc545ab2180c23e714e991e1cc619013ca9/ec" data-source="gitformat-pack" onmousemove="i18n(this)">gitformat-pack</span></h1> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_name"><span data-i18n="dcd1d5223f73b3a965c07e3ff5dbee3eedcfedb806686a05b9b3868a2c3d6d50/3a" data-source="Name" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Name</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="2ac72f00b3b6658345ae08f5adb80dc56863bb12484b7ed25a160c216e205e73/61" data-source="gitformat-pack - Git pack format" onmousemove="i18n(this)">gitformat-pack &mdash; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;  Git</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_synopsis"><span data-i18n="8eb3755381519d7f0479d75446e56e20084834c0460d7ec94926932372ea6c47/0d" data-source="Synopsis" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Synopsis</span></h2> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-perl">$GIT_DIR/objects/<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>-.{<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>,idx}
$GIT_DIR/objects/<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>-.rev
$GIT_DIR/objects/<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>-*.mtimes
$GIT_DIR/objects/<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>/multi-<span class="hljs-keyword">pack</span>-<span class="hljs-keyword">index</span></pre> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_description"><span data-i18n="526e0087cc3f254d9f86f6c7d8e23d954c4dfda2b312efc29194ae8a860106ba/d3" data-source="Description" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Description</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="b0b5f5ac288ed9c578ce5d5ff06d2c721c5596aa8755282a38538166b94f56e8/80" data-source="The Git pack format is how Git stores most of its primary repository data. Over the lifetime of a repository, loose objects (if any) and smaller packs are consolidated into larger pack(s). See &lt;a href=&quot;git-gc&quot;&gt;git-gc[1]&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;git-pack-objects&quot;&gt;git-pack-objects[1]&lt;/a&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;  Git  &mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &tcy;&ocy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy;  Git  &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&ucy;&yucy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;. &Vcy; &tcy;&iecy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &scy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy; &scy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy; &ocy;&tcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; (&iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy;) &icy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &mcy;&iecy;&lcy;&kcy;&icy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &kcy;&rcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ycy;. &Scy;&mcy;.  <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc[1]</a>  &icy;  <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects[1]</a> .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="ac8d633daa5f35398a29bad7553716d51783e1cb23130375dd7fe46e69211ad9/ae" data-source="The pack format is also used over-the-wire, see e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;gitprotocol-v2&quot;&gt;gitprotocol-v2[5]&lt;/a&gt;, as well as being a part of other container formats in the case of &lt;a href=&quot;gitformat-bundle&quot;&gt;gitformat-bundle[5]&lt;/a&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy; &bcy;&iecy;&scy;&pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &scy;&iecy;&tcy;&icy;, &scy;&mcy;., &ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;,  <a href="gitprotocol-v2.html">gitprotocol-v2[5]</a> , &acy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &yacy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy;&yucy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&khcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&iecy;&jcy;&ncy;&iecy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;  <a href="gitformat-bundle.html">gitformat-bundle[5]</a> .</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_checksums_and_object_ids"><span data-i18n="937d790899eaaebcd4c6350af819086b30f3d68d057ea183eb6a08eba0c953c4/d8" data-source="Checksums and object ids" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &scy;&ucy;&mcy;&mcy;&ycy; &icy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="08182d17f93d4381748e64bfdc06757197f39270a0cff67bc1a82c300c662bb2/de" data-source="In a repository using the traditional SHA-1, pack checksums, index checksums, and object IDs (object names) mentioned below are all computed using SHA-1. Similarly, in SHA-256 repositories, these values are computed using SHA-256." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy;, &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy; &tcy;&rcy;&acy;&dcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&ocy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; SHA-1, &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &scy;&ucy;&mcy;&mcy;&ycy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &scy;&ucy;&mcy;&mcy;&ycy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; (&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;), &ucy;&pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&yacy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy;&ycy;&iecy; &ncy;&icy;&zhcy;&iecy;, &vcy;&ycy;&chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; SHA-1. &Acy;&ncy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&icy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &vcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;&khcy; SHA-256 &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy;&ycy;&chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; SHA-256.</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_pack_pack_files_have_the_following_format"><span data-i18n="87d4a4023663198f202b3907210642f4821017aafe2c39dff2994fb2ff5b2488/2f" data-source="Pack-*.pack files have the following format:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; Pack-*.pack &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&yucy;&tcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;:</span></h2> <div> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="c03c4c2a987eef4d7bac45c1a98265a7b91e3cff49903133e53508ebb23bafcb/ee" data-source="A header appears at the beginning and consists of the following:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&kcy; &pcy;&ocy;&yacy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy; &icy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&icy;&tcy; &icy;&zcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-number">4</span>-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> signature:
    The signature <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span>: {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;P&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;A&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;C&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;K&apos;</span>}</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-java">   <span class="hljs-number">4</span>-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> version <span class="hljs-title function_">number</span> <span class="hljs-params">(network <span class="hljs-type">byte</span> order)</span>:
Git currently accepts version number <span class="hljs-number">2</span> or <span class="hljs-number">3</span> but
       generates version <span class="hljs-number">2</span> only.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-java"><span class="hljs-number">4</span>-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> number of objects contained in the <span class="hljs-title function_">pack</span> <span class="hljs-params">(network <span class="hljs-type">byte</span> order)</span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-css">Observation: we cannot have more than <span class="hljs-number">4</span>G versions ;-) and
more than <span class="hljs-number">4</span>G objects in <span class="hljs-selector-tag">a</span> pack.</pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="5444483ccacdbaf28b858b376560f0dac7fc73e297c5a92a709f92239e14a568/af" data-source="The header is followed by a number of object entries, each of which looks like this:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy; &zcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&acy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&khcy; &vcy;&ycy;&gcy;&lcy;&yacy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&mcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-go">(undeltified representation)
n-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> and length (<span class="hljs-number">3</span>-bit <span class="hljs-keyword">type</span>, (n<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">7</span>+<span class="hljs-number">4</span>-bit length)
compressed data</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp">   (deltified representation)
   n-<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> type <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> <span class="hljs-title">length</span> (<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-number">3</span>-bit type, (n<span class="hljs-number">-1</span></span>)*7+4-bit length)
   <span class="hljs-keyword">base</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">object</span> name <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> OBJ_REF_DELTA <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> a negative relative
offset <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> the delta <span class="hljs-built_in">object</span>&apos;s position <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> the pack <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> an OBJ_OFS_DELTA <span class="hljs-built_in">object</span>
   compressed delta data</span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-vbnet" data-highlighted="yes"><span class="hljs-symbol">Observation:</span> the length <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">each</span> <span class="hljs-type">object</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> encoded <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> a variable
length format <span class="hljs-built_in">and</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">not</span> constrained <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> <span class="hljs-number">32</span>-bit <span class="hljs-built_in">or</span> anything.</pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="4ed7745e36d134d26d4d05e7ea1d01fea72ade98009d8df1abe1f6d25ccfb81c/16" data-source="The trailer records a pack checksum of all of the above." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy;&rcy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &scy;&ucy;&mcy;&mcy;&ucy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &vcy;&ycy;&shcy;&iecy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;.</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <h3 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_object_types"><span data-i18n="4a0f8163fc26a1eb4e66d56da224b579d1e36691738d40f8445e8fe6f71a3b3a/3f" data-source="Object types" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Object types</span></h3> <p><span data-i18n="f8976553a95330baa404c395c1f21bbfff5b35cdce920eafb4af255269c9dca4/31" data-source="Valid object types are:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&mcy;&ycy;&iecy; &tcy;&icy;&pcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;:</span></p> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="8ebcb7634295b75b75ecd22c937f676829cab1ef0bbc8560349d867e1939e76c/70" data-source="OBJ_COMMIT (1)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">OBJ_COMMIT (1)</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="692d99dc10b924a14f0d9ecf0d0e9e38b6cccd74d94255523f7c512261540341/6d" data-source="OBJ_TREE (2)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">OBJ_TREE (2)</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="180119862b95dbdd9cfae9bbd47c8799776e821a96d122b55401f19e2ab85323/d5" data-source="OBJ_BLOB (3)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">OBJ_BLOB (3)</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="427d9d0feb731391f24c94a7c1afcadc4f68944650fd1f1fc75c56fa17f124b7/97" data-source="OBJ_TAG (4)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">OBJ_TAG (4)</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="edaa2c2893db430c9bc8d4dc4578c9c26830e17b311e89bcb6b89e058631a0b5/09" data-source="OBJ_OFS_DELTA (6)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">OBJ_OFS_DELTA (6)</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="152e7776bfb9f33cc4c1a3643c1d88e5b13089a40ce7c6205049dca19faaa3b7/e2" data-source="OBJ_REF_DELTA (7)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">OBJ_REF_DELTA (7)</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> <p><span data-i18n="a79ec0b3f176a1c878b6fd16381882c091ef4d6cb9e819c20a6482fdc995f255/59" data-source="Type 5 is reserved for future expansion. Type 0 is invalid." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&icy;&pcy; 5 &zcy;&acy;&rcy;&iecy;&zcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&shcy;&icy;&rcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;. &Tcy;&icy;&pcy; 0 &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&jcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;.</span></p> </div> <div> <h3 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_size_encoding"><span data-i18n="3adb881d39460a4ed57ab3ed6110ce820e330c26f1a3b7bbf9c148dad71247ea/72" data-source="Size encoding" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Size encoding</span></h3> <p><span data-i18n="5ffe1c589408f3a10e30458e6694befead6a02942efde91093dacbb54cffa3ce/e8" data-source="This document uses the following &amp;quot;size encoding&amp;quot; of non-negative integers: From each byte, the seven least significant bits are used to form the resulting integer. As long as the most significant bit is 1, this process continues; the byte with MSB 0 provides the last seven bits. The seven-bit chunks are concatenated. Later values are more significant." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &dcy;&ocy;&kcy;&ucy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy;  &quot;size encoding&quot;  &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy;&tscy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&ycy;&khcy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy;&lcy;: &scy;&iecy;&mcy;&softcy; &mcy;&lcy;&acy;&dcy;&shcy;&icy;&khcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&acy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &rcy;&iecy;&zcy;&ucy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&acy;. &Pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy; &scy;&tcy;&acy;&rcy;&shcy;&icy;&jcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy; &rcy;&acy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy; 1, &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&tscy;&iecy;&scy;&scy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy;; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy; &scy;&tcy;&acy;&rcy;&shcy;&icy;&mcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; 0 &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &scy;&iecy;&mcy;&softcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;. &Scy;&iecy;&mcy;&icy;&bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &fcy;&rcy;&acy;&gcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy;. &Bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&icy;&mcy;&ycy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="054701d53e7349e91f93afc9aa39ac633ca425c7fa12c857c91fb9cedb22ff6d/2c" data-source="This size encoding should not be confused with the &amp;quot;offset encoding&amp;quot;, which is also used in this document." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ucy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&ucy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy; &ncy;&iecy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&ucy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;  &quot;offset encoding&quot; , &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&acy;&yacy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &dcy;&ocy;&kcy;&ucy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&iecy;.</span></p> </div> <div> <h3 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_deltified_representation"><span data-i18n="e8a2277cbcdd8f51f45753d7e1577dd1789068842c16ea9186cd44d6fc2a7a54/f1" data-source="Deltified representation" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Deltified representation</span></h3> <p><span data-i18n="554d09a3f6d25a0a05f4263cf1679c5a8ff09d2c58ed3e541aaeeaaf6f755323/19" data-source="Conceptually there are only four object types: commit, tree, tag and blob. However to save space, an object could be stored as a &amp;quot;delta&amp;quot; of another &amp;quot;base&amp;quot; object. These representations are assigned new types ofs-delta and ref-delta, which is only valid in a pack file." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tscy;&iecy;&pcy;&tcy;&ucy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy; &scy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &chcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ycy;&rcy;&iecy; &tcy;&icy;&pcy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;: &fcy;&icy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy;, &dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;, &tcy;&iecy;&gcy; &icy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&ocy;&jcy; &dcy;&vcy;&ocy;&icy;&chcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;. &Ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &ecy;&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&icy;&icy; &mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy;  &quot;delta&quot;  &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;  &quot;base&quot; . &Ecy;&tcy;&icy;&mcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;&mcy; &ncy;&acy;&zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &tcy;&icy;&pcy;&ycy; s-delta &icy; ref-delta, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &dcy;&iecy;&jcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &vcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="c70c4dd5eebf34f74c2c1e6fa02effbdd3469754f0a680cb0ab7e4ff0bed02e2/a7" data-source="Both ofs-delta and ref-delta store the &amp;quot;delta&amp;quot; to be applied to another object (called &lt;code&gt;base object&lt;/code&gt;) to reconstruct the object. The difference between them is, ref-delta directly encodes base object name. If the base object is in the same pack, ofs-delta encodes the offset of the base object in the pack instead." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy; ofs-delta, &icy; ref-delta &scy;&ocy;&khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;  &quot;delta&quot;  &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &kcy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ucy; (&ncy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&mcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy;  <code>base object</code> ) &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;. &Rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ncy;&icy;&tscy;&acy; &mcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ucy; &ncy;&icy;&mcy;&icy; &vcy; &tcy;&ocy;&mcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; ref-delta &ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&yacy;&mcy;&ucy;&yucy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&mcy;&yacy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &ncy;&acy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &zhcy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;, ofs-delta &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="b80d3b619a01f4a8ebfe1ba7a933d7a20c836ab9944cf7536f927784ab916993/fa" data-source="The base object could also be deltified if it&amp;rsquo;s in the same pack. Ref-delta can also refer to an object outside the pack (i.e. the so-called &amp;quot;thin pack&amp;quot;). When stored on disk however, the pack should be self contained to avoid cyclic dependency." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &bcy;&ycy;&tcy;&softcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;, &iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ocy;&ncy; &ncy;&acy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &zhcy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;. Ref-delta &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &ocy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ucy; &vcy;&ncy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; (&tcy;.&iecy;. &kcy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy; &ncy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&mcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy;  &quot;thin pack&quot; ). &Ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&icy; &ncy;&acy; &dcy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; &dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy; &bcy;&ycy;&tcy;&softcy; &acy;&vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &icy;&zcy;&bcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &tscy;&icy;&kcy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &zcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&scy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="9967a2eecf254fef079dc19f986a21d8ccbe55f058f6168071e994dbc82fc6fc/42" data-source="The delta data starts with the size of the base object and the size of the object to be reconstructed. These sizes are encoded using the size encoding from above. The remainder of the delta data is a sequence of instructions to reconstruct the object from the base object. If the base object is deltified, it must be converted to canonical form first. Each instruction appends more and more data to the target object until it&amp;rsquo;s complete. There are two supported instructions so far: one for copying a byte range from the source object and one for inserting new data embedded in the instruction itself." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&acy;-&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&icy;&ncy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;, &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&lcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;. &Ecy;&tcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ycy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&ycy;&shcy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy;. &Ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&acy;-&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy; &vcy;&ocy;&scy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &icy;&zcy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;, &iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy; &scy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&lcy;&acy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &vcy; &kcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy;&ncy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ucy;&yucy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&ucy;. &Kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&acy;&yacy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &kcy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ucy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&iecy; &icy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&iecy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy;, &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy; &ocy;&ncy; &ncy;&iecy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &zcy;&acy;&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;. &Ncy;&acy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &mcy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &dcy;&vcy;&iecy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;: &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&acy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&pcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&icy;&acy;&pcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&ncy;&acy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy;&zcy; &icy;&scy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &icy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&acy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &vcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&kcy;&icy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy;, &vcy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &vcy; &scy;&acy;&mcy;&ucy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="f108f64ab8a9ba9fb236f6a699d98bf8652328792b8804a92423fa3a0405aeb2/bd" data-source="Each instruction has variable length. Instruction type is determined by the seventh bit of the first octet. The following diagrams follow the convention in RFC 1951 (Deflate compressed data format)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&acy;&yacy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &dcy;&lcy;&icy;&ncy;&ucy;. &Tcy;&icy;&pcy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy;&iecy;&dcy;&softcy;&mcy;&ycy;&mcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&kcy;&tcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;. &Scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&icy;&acy;&gcy;&rcy;&acy;&mcy;&mcy;&ycy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&gcy;&lcy;&acy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; RFC 1951 (&fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy; &scy;&zhcy;&acy;&tcy;&ycy;&khcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; Deflate).</span></p> <div> <h4 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_instruction_to_copy_from_base_object"><span data-i18n="1a063ed0d994315100973db91a31e79f133506d28d33ebe31751f5f03a27b811/52" data-source="Instruction to copy from base object" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&pcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; &icy;&zcy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;</span></h4> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-diff"><span class="hljs-addition">+----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+</span>
| 1xxxxxxx | offset1 | offset2 | offset3 | offset4 | size1 | size2 | size3 |
<span class="hljs-addition">+----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="903c61532d58064fd95b58f6fe6a8060f091108bb02354ee22911f12ab9e7667/30" data-source="This is the instruction format to copy a byte range from the source object. It encodes the offset to copy from and the number of bytes to copy. Offset and size are in little-endian order." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&pcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&icy;&acy;&pcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&ncy;&acy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy;&zcy; &icy;&scy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;. &Ocy;&ncy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&pcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy; &kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&pcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;. &Scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy; &scy; &pcy;&rcy;&yacy;&mcy;&ycy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="5a2ba9f2273c5c4576b11af7aba412bd663834afbbc4b44bd37ab2f9d5141151/05" data-source="All offset and size bytes are optional. This is to reduce the instruction size when encoding small offsets or sizes. The first seven bits in the first octet determine which of the next seven octets is present. If bit zero is set, offset1 is present. If bit one is set offset2 is present and so on." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&scy;&iecy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ycy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy; &yacy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&yacy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy;&icy;. &Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &ucy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&softcy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy;&bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&icy;&khcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy; &icy;&lcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;. &Pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &scy;&iecy;&mcy;&softcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&kcy;&tcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &icy;&zcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&khcy; &scy;&iecy;&mcy;&icy; &ocy;&kcy;&tcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&scy;&ucy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ucy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy; &ncy;&ucy;&lcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&jcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;, &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&scy;&ucy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;1. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ucy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;, &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&scy;&ucy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; 2 &icy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy; &dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="8da5f5fb8e87f3178c3ca5f2e872869470ef50b5b283fe79bc16b0f368bda148/c9" data-source="Note that a more compact instruction does not change offset and size encoding. For example, if only offset2 is omitted like below, offset3 still contains bits 16-23. It does not become offset2 and contains bits 8-15 even if it&amp;rsquo;s right next to offset1." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&tcy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &ncy;&iecy; &mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&ucy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy;. &Ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ocy;&pcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ocy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;2, &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy; &ncy;&icy;&zhcy;&iecy;, &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;3 &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy; 16&ndash;23. &Ocy;&ncy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy; &scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; 2 &icy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy; 8&ndash;15, &dcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy; &iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ocy;&ncy;&ocy; &ncy;&acy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&mcy; &scy;&ocy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; 1.</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-diff"><span class="hljs-addition">+----------+---------+---------+</span>
| 10000101 | offset1 | offset3 |
<span class="hljs-addition">+----------+---------+---------+</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="9a396b7e86391af5c4afbfabc8c55fed3541ec664f8e776c99cad0e8480f687e/dd" data-source="In its most compact form, this instruction only takes up one byte (0x80) with both offset and size omitted, which will have default values zero. There is another exception: size zero is automatically converted to 0x10000." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &scy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy;&jcy; &ncy;&acy;&icy;&bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &kcy;&ocy;&mcy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&iecy; &ecy;&tcy;&acy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &zcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy; (0x80) &bcy;&iecy;&zcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &icy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&acy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy; &ucy;&mcy;&ocy;&lcy;&chcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&ucy;&tcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&ucy;&lcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;. &IEcy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &iecy;&shchcy;&iecy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&kcy;&lcy;&yucy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;: &ncy;&ucy;&lcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&jcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy; &acy;&vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&icy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; 0x10000.</span></p> </div> <div> <h4 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_instruction_to_add_new_data"><span data-i18n="ae4b711dc782588fd9262e19aed96080edf0fb5ce26c0bfa236b3b2a19803642/d2" data-source="Instruction to add new data" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy; &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy;</span></h4> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-diff"><span class="hljs-addition">+----------+============+</span>
| 0xxxxxxx |    data    |
<span class="hljs-addition">+----------+============+</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="30530a12aeb5b5d909354f14015bb4c8a68a2b6ff63f06ae76aea4c704845e8f/b7" data-source="This is the instruction to construct the target object without the base object. The following data is appended to the target object. The first seven bits of the first octet determine the size of data in bytes. The size must be non-zero." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &bcy;&iecy;&zcy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;. &Scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ucy;. &Pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &scy;&iecy;&mcy;&softcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&kcy;&tcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &vcy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&acy;&khcy;. &Rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy; &dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy; &bcy;&ycy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ucy;&lcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ycy;&mcy;.</span></p> </div> <div> <h4 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_reserved_instruction"><span data-i18n="43094ee071507c0e0c2de637ef767762e468c947969947c8e3e1c31e058529f9/d2" data-source="Reserved instruction" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Reserved instruction</span></h4> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-diff"><span class="hljs-addition">+----------+============</span>
| 00000000 |
<span class="hljs-addition">+----------+============</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="04116c617baf3af4baa68b2c66a6e799284d406e9fb27d2ec363387891f7f8fa/4f" data-source="This is the instruction reserved for future expansion." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&acy; &icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &zcy;&acy;&rcy;&iecy;&zcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&acy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&shcy;&icy;&rcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_original_version_1_pack_idx_files_have_the_following_format"><span data-i18n="bafde909106e09f2b48771e4660d8496225606591ab3f5aa7fd6d9cef404d5c9/eb" data-source="Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&scy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; package-*.idx (&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&yacy; 1) &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&yucy;&tcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;:</span></h2> <div> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="6d4a17d4f1e61a300e60787b173738bf4f67fc60ebaa007aeb975bd217cf0af2/f7" data-source="The header consists of 256 4-byte network byte order integers. N-th entry of this table records the number of objects in the corresponding pack, the first byte of whose object name is less than or equal to N. This is called the &lt;code&gt;first-level fan-out&lt;/code&gt; table." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&kcy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&icy;&tcy; &icy;&zcy; 256 4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&ycy;&khcy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy;&lcy; &scy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&acy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;. N-&yacy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&jcy; &tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&ycy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;, &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&khcy; &mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&softcy;&shcy;&iecy; &icy;&lcy;&icy; &rcy;&acy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy; N. &Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &ncy;&acy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&iecy;&jcy;  <code>first-level fan-out</code> .</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="4caadc2d7ba61a15e11c9f179d6daedf82e3a67e951b70018c5b1e049945ee56/dc" data-source="The header is followed by sorted 24-byte entries, one entry per object in the pack. Each entry is:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy; &zcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; 24-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&icy;, &pcy;&ocy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&icy; &ncy;&acy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &vcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;. &Kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&acy;&yacy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-vbnet"><span class="hljs-number">4</span>-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> network <span class="hljs-type">byte</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">order</span> <span class="hljs-type">integer</span>, recording <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> the
<span class="hljs-type">object</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> stored <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> the packfile <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> the offset <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> the
beginning.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp">one <span class="hljs-built_in">object</span> name of the appropriate size.</pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="05a320c9aafbdba1009d3b5920c92a739d49e4bef89e12f18aa4eb5272ffd582/fe" data-source="The file is concluded with a trailer:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy;&vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&shcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy; &tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy;&rcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-sql">A <span class="hljs-keyword">copy</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the pack checksum <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span> the <span class="hljs-keyword">end</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the <span class="hljs-keyword">corresponding</span>
packfile.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-css">Index checksum of <span class="hljs-attribute">all</span> of the above.</pre> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <p><span data-i18n="02a20606dd9c43e5bbb772702c4abb2f64619c6ec35d953627d4198cdb46b401/5a" data-source="Pack Idx file:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; Idx-&fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&acy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-sql">        <span class="hljs-comment">--  +--------------------------------+</span>
fanout            <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> fanout[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> example)    <span class="hljs-operator">|</span><span class="hljs-operator">-</span>.
<span class="hljs-keyword">table</span>            <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------+ |</span>
            <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> fanout[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]                      <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
            <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------+ |</span>
            <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> fanout[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]                      <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
            <span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
            <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> fanout[<span class="hljs-number">255</span>] <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> total objects    <span class="hljs-operator">|</span><span class="hljs-comment">---.</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">--  +--------------------------------+ | |</span>
main            <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">offset</span>                         <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
index            <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> object name <span class="hljs-number">00</span>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">table</span>            <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------+ | |</span>
            <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">offset</span>                         <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
            <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> object name <span class="hljs-number">00</span>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
            <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------+&lt;+ |</span>
          .<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">offset</span>                         <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>   <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> object name <span class="hljs-number">01</span>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>   <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------+   |</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">offset</span>                         <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>   <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> object name <span class="hljs-number">01</span>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>   <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span><span class="hljs-operator">~</span>   <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">offset</span>                         <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>   <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> object name FFXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>   <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">--| +--------------------------------+&lt;--+</span>
trailer          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> packfile checksum              <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------+</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> idxfile checksum               <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
          <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">--------------------------------+</span>
          .<span class="hljs-comment">-------.</span>
                  <span class="hljs-operator">|</span>
Pack file entry: <span class="hljs-operator">&lt;</span><span class="hljs-operator">+</span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-vbnet">    packed <span class="hljs-type">object</span> header:
<span class="hljs-number">1</span>-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> size extension bit (MSB)
       type (<span class="hljs-keyword">next</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> bit)
       size0 (lower <span class="hljs-number">4</span>-bit)
       n-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> sizeN (<span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> <span class="hljs-type">long</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> MSB <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">each</span> <span class="hljs-number">7</span>-bit)
        size0..sizeN form <span class="hljs-number">4</span>+<span class="hljs-number">7</span>+<span class="hljs-number">7</span>+..+<span class="hljs-number">7</span> bit <span class="hljs-type">integer</span>, size0
        <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> the least significant part, <span class="hljs-built_in">and</span> sizeN <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> the
        most significant part.
    packed <span class="hljs-type">object</span> data:
       <span class="hljs-keyword">If</span> it <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">not</span> DELTA, <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span> deflated bytes (the size above
        <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> the size before compression).
<span class="hljs-keyword">If</span> it <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> REF_DELTA, <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>
  base <span class="hljs-type">object</span> name (the size above <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> the
        size <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the delta data that follows).
         delta data, deflated.
<span class="hljs-keyword">If</span> it <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> OFS_DELTA, <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>
  n-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> offset (see below) interpreted <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> a negative
        offset <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> the type-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the header <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the
        ofs-delta entry (the size above <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> the size <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span>
        the delta data that follows).
  delta data, deflated.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-sql">  <span class="hljs-keyword">offset</span> encoding:
n bytes <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> MSB <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">all</span> but the <span class="hljs-keyword">last</span> one.
The <span class="hljs-keyword">offset</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span> the number constructed <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span>
concatenating the lower <span class="hljs-number">7</span> bit <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">each</span> byte, <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> n <span class="hljs-operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span> adding <span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-operator">^</span><span class="hljs-number">7</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-operator">^</span><span class="hljs-number">14</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span> ... <span class="hljs-operator">+</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span><span class="hljs-operator">^</span>(<span class="hljs-number">7</span><span class="hljs-operator">*</span>(n<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>))
<span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> the result.</pre> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_version_2_pack_idx_files_support_packs_larger_than_4_gib_and"><span data-i18n="7140ac93bcbc69e5754348cff89bba831d485a696376a790a05f8c9772c8d897/30" data-source="Version 2 pack-*.idx files support packs larger than 4 gib, and" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; 2 &mdash; *.idx &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ycy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ocy;&mcy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; 4 &Gcy;&Bcy; &icy;</span></h2> <div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-lua">have some other reorganizations.  They have the <span class="hljs-built_in">format</span>:</pre> </div> </div> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="e3b02d95911084df37fd380c44576aeac892d2e5e6f4af5db06baac71e318645/73" data-source="A 4-byte magic number &lt;code&gt;\377tOc&lt;/code&gt; which is an unreasonable fanout[0] value." onmousemove="i18n(this)">4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &mcy;&acy;&gcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&iecy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&ocy;  <code>\377tOc</code> , &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;[0].</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="05130dbe10ddd6b396a7a5bc998b758a7ac0f81746a0c2a17bd541c70d548c9a/61" data-source="A 4-byte version number (= 2)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; (= 2).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="dde58e8511d64b6ea75d1b9ae76abc05836c0e71d30658666a8b2a337f754030/5b" data-source="A 256-entry fan-out table just like v1." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Rcy;&acy;&zcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&acy; &ncy;&acy; 256 &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy;&jcy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &icy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; v1.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="bd01a86f940fc152cea5269ec2c92c38d3198b0aa3a29260430140757c21ec8d/1b" data-source="A table of sorted object names. These are packed together without offset values to reduce the cache footprint of the binary search for a specific object name." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&acy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;. &Ocy;&ncy;&icy; &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy; &bcy;&iecy;&zcy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ucy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&softcy;&shcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&mcy; &kcy;&ecy;&shcy;&acy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy; &dcy;&vcy;&ocy;&icy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&iecy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="1ecc36f013b3bccd89523585b4aed2a074dc67306c684be49bb83febc799fb33/12" data-source="A table of 4-byte CRC32 values of the packed object data. This is new in v2 so compressed data can be copied directly from pack to pack during repacking without undetected data corruption." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&acy; 4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy; CRC32 &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;. &Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &vcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; 2, &pcy;&ocy;&ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &scy;&zhcy;&acy;&tcy;&ycy;&iecy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&pcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ncy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&zcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&ocy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&icy; &bcy;&iecy;&zcy; &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&mcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="ba852f173247110f708519631a53e55005d17ffd44b579b68dd0f92176180ced/a6" data-source="A table of 4-byte offset values (in network byte order). These are usually 31-bit pack file offsets, but large offsets are encoded as an index into the next table with the msbit set." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&acy; 4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; (&vcy; &scy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;). &Ocy;&bcy;&ycy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; 31-&bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&acy;, &ncy;&ocy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&icy;&iecy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; &vcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&ucy;&yucy; &tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&ucy; &scy; &ucy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy; &mcy;&scy;&bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="a5a77ecab1313ce64f83ac4c5622ed683464201cb8206a460ed88a50f2781da0/c1" data-source="A table of 8-byte offset entries (empty for pack files less than 2 GiB). Pack files are organized with heavily used objects toward the front, so most object references should not need to refer to this table." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&acy; 8-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy;&jcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; (&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&yacy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ocy;&mcy; &mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&iecy; 2 &Gcy;&icy;&Bcy;). &Fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &ocy;&rcy;&gcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ycy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&mcy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;, &pcy;&ocy;&ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&icy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy; &scy;&scy;&ycy;&lcy;&ocy;&kcy; &ncy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &ncy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&yacy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy; &scy;&scy;&ycy;&lcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ucy; &tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&ucy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="67e2a5c5530a01a0a0fd9357942d4d8e1daea0252c21e0cbf955e8d8e809d375/c3" data-source="The same trailer as a v1 pack file:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &zhcy;&iecy; &tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &icy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;-&fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy; v1:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-sql" data-highlighted="yes">A <span class="hljs-keyword">copy</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the pack checksum <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span> the <span class="hljs-keyword">end</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the
<span class="hljs-keyword">corresponding</span> packfile.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-css">Index checksum of <span class="hljs-attribute">all</span> of the above.</pre> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_pack_rev_files_have_the_format"><span data-i18n="457e1d69b4344855fda10e5ba0cf64df33ab60be62570dbd11c6e3fa1c03c384/d3" data-source="Pack-*.rev files have the format:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; Pack-*.rev &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&yucy;&tcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;:</span></h2> <div> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="f479db042356a502e8aca6b7b8242562c13c59619c2331f698ae51447b8ca777/b6" data-source="A 4-byte magic number &lt;code&gt;0x52494458&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;RIDX&lt;/code&gt;)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &mcy;&acy;&gcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&iecy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&ocy;  <code>0x52494458</code>  ( <code>RIDX</code> ).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="c798a5d8ed1da280b088268d8c0c528cef8997a212a554940a5acc1d1f14cf41/de" data-source="A 4-byte version identifier (= 1)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; (= 1).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="faa291af292c0b07456ed542ae2f5f354a746b9ac7079e217e6641ba44717a32/2e" data-source="A 4-byte hash function identifier (= 1 for SHA-1, 2 for SHA-256)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy; &khcy;&ecy;&shcy;-&fcy;&ucy;&ncy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; (= 1 &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; SHA-1, 2 &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; SHA-256).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="8430e9d80d47066e3a56b1483afd4ceebe45f1863cfda8754873ccad9e1fb8e8/fa" data-source="A table of index positions (one per packed object, num_objects in total, each a 4-byte unsigned integer in network order), sorted by their corresponding offsets in the packfile." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&acy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&jcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ocy;&vcy; (&pcy;&ocy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &ncy;&acy; &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;, &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; num_objects, &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&acy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&khcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; 4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&ocy;&iecy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&ocy; &bcy;&iecy;&zcy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&kcy;&acy; &vcy; &scy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy;), &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;&mcy; &vcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="65cabba2b026db7f7b0e5fe0a56a2bf051eb8b3df15fd1f44cfb1d0244c79fae/6c" data-source="A trailer, containing a:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-sql">checksum <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the <span class="hljs-keyword">corresponding</span> packfile, <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-css"><span class="hljs-selector-tag">a</span> checksum of <span class="hljs-attribute">all</span> of the above.</pre> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <p><span data-i18n="84c1196069235ba41e21789ff0d14f53e221c7a292b0fd7a0b9e9fc13510145f/c2" data-source="All 4-byte numbers are in network order." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&scy;&iecy; 4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&acy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy; &scy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy;.</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_pack_mtimes_files_have_the_format"><span data-i18n="e9101349ee93479661c2ce1715b509a1baf4d47c270099b9ae89e7fd3f9bf681/7d" data-source="Pack-*.mtimes files have the format:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; Pack-*.mtimes &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&yucy;&tcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;:</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="e7c618c0c56a79d15f9d15cc0a53d463d6925695552167a5c8c83938e5b7c512/68" data-source="All 4-byte numbers are in network byte order." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&scy;&iecy; 4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&acy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy; &scy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy; &bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;.</span></p> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="07a7e3cb7812a001595267cd6e8b7de2e8af3168c8cc27104c6acf2b247e94b8/f4" data-source="A 4-byte magic number &lt;code&gt;0x4d544d45&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;MTME&lt;/code&gt;)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &mcy;&acy;&gcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&iecy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&ocy;  <code>0x4d544d45</code>  ( <code>MTME</code> ).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="c798a5d8ed1da280b088268d8c0c528cef8997a212a554940a5acc1d1f14cf41/de" data-source="A 4-byte version identifier (= 1)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy; &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&icy;&icy; (= 1).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="faa291af292c0b07456ed542ae2f5f354a746b9ac7079e217e6641ba44717a32/2e" data-source="A 4-byte hash function identifier (= 1 for SHA-1, 2 for SHA-256)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy; &khcy;&ecy;&shcy;-&fcy;&ucy;&ncy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; (= 1 &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; SHA-1, 2 &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; SHA-256).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="fcea3aa893da69b896cca73e999ca4be6367106eae6451f9a094405cac6e226d/8d" data-source="A table of 4-byte unsigned integers. The ith value is the modification time (mtime) of the ith object in the corresponding pack by lexicographic (index) order. The mtimes count standard epoch seconds." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&acy; 4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&ycy;&khcy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&iecy;&lcy; &bcy;&iecy;&zcy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&kcy;&acy;. i-&iecy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &mcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; (mtime) i-&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy; &lcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&icy;&kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&rcy;&acy;&fcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; (&icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;) &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy;. mtimes &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&chcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy; &scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&dcy;&acy;&rcy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &scy;&iecy;&kcy;&ucy;&ncy;&dcy;&ycy; &ecy;&pcy;&ocy;&khcy;&icy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="ef09a1e1b731612564ec30466ff85c797da47b324fdd2d8a70e266d828789ec7/f3" data-source="A trailer, containing a checksum of the corresponding packfile, and a checksum of all of the above (each having length according to the specified hash function)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &scy;&ucy;&mcy;&mcy;&ucy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;-&fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&acy; &icy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ucy;&yucy; &scy;&ucy;&mcy;&mcy;&ucy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &vcy;&ycy;&shcy;&iecy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; (&kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&acy;&yacy; &icy;&zcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&khcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&iecy;&tcy; &dcy;&lcy;&icy;&ncy;&ucy; &vcy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy;&icy; &scy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&jcy; &khcy;&ecy;&shcy;-&fcy;&ucy;&ncy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&iecy;&jcy;).</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_multi_pack_index_midx_files_have_the_following_format"><span data-i18n="1edbd214dd90f445c67c189b504b69fcf3dd12877b75e2865a0ad0331fee97ae/e4" data-source="Multi-pack-index (midx) files have the following format:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ucy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&icy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;-&icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&acy; (midx) &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&yucy;&tcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;:</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="868987decf6eba3b7bed6c5a3bb544be748899c07f18356c8cbbf428a596b71f/95" data-source="The multi-pack-index files refer to multiple pack-files and loose objects." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ycy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&icy;&khcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &ocy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&yacy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&icy;&mcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&acy;&mcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy; &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&kcy;&rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;&mcy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="1760c43c1359626e320f7aad66413c720a20fdd5b7dc8b1f949370f8cd3a6018/5a" data-source="In order to allow extensions that add extra data to the MIDX, we organize the body into &amp;quot;chunks&amp;quot; and provide a lookup table at the beginning of the body. The header includes certain length values, such as the number of packs, the number of base MIDX files, hash lengths and types." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&CHcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&rcy;&iecy;&shcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&shcy;&icy;&rcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &vcy; MIDX, &mcy;&ycy; &ocy;&rcy;&gcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&zcy;&ucy;&iecy;&mcy; &tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&ocy; &vcy;  &quot;chunks&quot;  &icy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&mcy; &tcy;&acy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&ucy; &pcy;&ocy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&acy; &vcy; &ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy; &tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;. &Zcy;&acy;&gcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&kcy; &vcy;&kcy;&lcy;&yucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy; &scy;&iecy;&bcy;&yacy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&lcy;&icy;&ncy;&ycy;, &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&icy;&iecy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy; &bcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&khcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy; MIDX, &dcy;&lcy;&icy;&ncy;&ucy; &icy; &tcy;&icy;&pcy;&ycy; &khcy;&ecy;&shcy;&iecy;&jcy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="84c1196069235ba41e21789ff0d14f53e221c7a292b0fd7a0b9e9fc13510145f/c2" data-source="All 4-byte numbers are in network order." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&scy;&iecy; 4-&bcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&acy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy; &scy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="20f94c3f2eb3f181713053a831e8a8245f74841d2223e380717a54c0f0f7b313/99" data-source="HEADER:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">HEADER:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-number">4</span>-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> signature:
    The signature <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span>: {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;M&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;I&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;D&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;X&apos;</span>}</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-number">1</span>-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> version number:
    Git only writes <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> recognizes version <span class="hljs-number">1.</span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-vbnet"><span class="hljs-number">1</span>-<span class="hljs-type">byte</span> <span class="hljs-type">Object</span> Id Version
    We infer the length <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-type">object</span> IDs (OIDs) <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> this value:
        <span class="hljs-number">1</span> =&gt; SHA-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
        <span class="hljs-number">2</span> =&gt; SHA-<span class="hljs-number">256</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">If</span> the hash type does <span class="hljs-built_in">not</span> match the repository<span class="hljs-comment" title="&apos;s hash algorithm,">&khcy;&ecy;&shcy;-&acy;&lcy;&gcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&tcy;&mcy;,</span>
    the multi-pack-index file should be ignored <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> a warning
    presented <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> the user.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-number">1</span>-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> number of <span class="hljs-string">&quot;chunks&quot;</span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-number">1</span>-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> number of <span class="hljs-keyword">base</span> multi-pack-index files:
    This <span class="hljs-keyword">value</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> currently always zero.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-number">4</span>-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> number of pack files</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="da98fd876c7ec19b07cb59c26b44c0e7228d6338539e163b46f5eb45d36b940c/91" data-source="CHUNK LOOKUP:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">CHUNK LOOKUP:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-sql">(C <span class="hljs-operator">+</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">12</span> bytes providing the chunk offsets:
    <span class="hljs-keyword">First</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span> bytes <span class="hljs-keyword">describe</span> chunk id. <span class="hljs-keyword">Value</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> a terminating label.
    Other <span class="hljs-number">8</span> bytes provide <span class="hljs-keyword">offset</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">current</span> file <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> chunk <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> start.
    (Chunks <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> provided <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> file<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-keyword">order</span>, so you can infer the length
    <span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> the next chunk position if necessary.)</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-css">The CHUNK LOOKUP matches the <span class="hljs-selector-tag">table</span> of contents <span class="hljs-selector-tag">from</span>
the chunk-based file format, see gitformat-chunk<span class="hljs-selector-attr">[5]</span>.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-css">The remaining data in the <span class="hljs-selector-tag">body</span> is described one chunk at <span class="hljs-selector-tag">a</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag">time</span>, and
these chunks may be given in any <span class="hljs-attribute">order</span>. Chunks are required unless
otherwise specified.</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="849541bd353a273311538435601e566c67207d2902a1a93e3e96cae1305a639b/e6" data-source="CHUNK DATA:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">CHUNK DATA:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-python" data-highlighted="yes">Packfile Names (ID: {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;P&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;N&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;A&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;M&apos;</span>})
    Store the names of packfiles <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> a sequence of NUL-terminated
    strings. There <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> no extra padding between the filenames,
    <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> they are listed <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> lexicographic order. The chunk itself
    <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> padded at the end <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> between <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> NUL <span class="hljs-built_in">bytes</span> to make the
    chunk size a multiple of <span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">bytes</span>.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-typescript"><span class="hljs-variable constant_">OID</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Fanout</span> (<span class="hljs-attr">ID</span>: {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;O&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;I&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;D&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;F&apos;</span>})
    <span class="hljs-title class_">The</span> ith entry, F[i], stores the <span class="hljs-built_in">number</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">OIDs</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> first
    byte at most i. <span class="hljs-title class_">Thus</span> F[<span class="hljs-number">255</span>] stores the total
    <span class="hljs-built_in">number</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> objects.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-java">OID <span class="hljs-title function_">Lookup</span> <span class="hljs-params">(ID: {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;O&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;I&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;D&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;L&apos;</span>})</span>
    The OIDs <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> all objects in the MIDX are stored in lexicographic
    order in <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span> chunk.</pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp"><span class="hljs-function">Object <span class="hljs-title">Offsets</span> (<span class="hljs-params">ID: {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;O&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;O&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;F&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;F&apos;</span>}</span>)
    Stores two 4-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> values <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> every <span class="hljs-built_in">object</span>.
    1: The pack-<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>-id <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> the pack storing <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">object</span>.
    2: The offset within the pack.
        If all offsets are less than 2^32, then the large offset chunk
        will <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> exist <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> offsets are stored <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> IDX v1.
        If there <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> at least one offset <span class="hljs-keyword">value</span> larger than 2^32-1, then
        the large offset chunk must exist, <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> offsets larger than
        2^31-1 must be stored <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> it instead. If the large offset chunk
        exists <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> the 31st bit <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">on</span>, then removing that bit reveals
        the row <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> the large offsets containing the 8-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> offset of
        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">object</span>.</span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp">[<span class="hljs-meta">Optional</span>] <span class="hljs-function">Object Large <span class="hljs-title">Offsets</span> (<span class="hljs-params">ID: {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;L&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;O&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;F&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;F&apos;</span>}</span>)
    8-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> offsets <span class="hljs-keyword">into</span> large packfiles.</span></pre> </div> </div> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-csharp">[<span class="hljs-meta">Optional</span>] <span class="hljs-function">Bitmap pack <span class="hljs-title">order</span> (<span class="hljs-params">ID: {<span class="hljs-string">&apos;R&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;I&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;D&apos;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&apos;X&apos;</span>}</span>)
    A list of MIDX <span class="hljs-title">positions</span> (<span class="hljs-params">one per <span class="hljs-built_in">object</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> the MIDX, num_objects <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span>
    total, each a <span class="hljs-number">4</span>-<span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> unsigned integer <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> network <span class="hljs-built_in">byte</span> order</span>), sorted
    according to their relative bitmap/pseudo-pack positions.</span></pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="9959c8324742f121d1329c5e666ae700d45881362d42630a15a9b75ead62f820/6a" data-source="TRAILER:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">TRAILER:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-undefined">Index checksum of the above contents.</pre> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_multi_pack_index_reverse_indexes"><span data-i18n="16a04c891b73c5f75c0eafb4d55c957cd32fcb5ebd64f55586f734eaa5d5e59f/ec" data-source="Multi-pack-index reverse indexes" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Mcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;&icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ycy;</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="04393bdf78e4816e20463506ed07dd678afc600aeb33d2b13aef4f38b14098e6/1f" data-source="Similar to the pack-based reverse index, the multi-pack index can also be used to generate a reverse index." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ucy; &ncy;&acy; &ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy; &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&icy;, &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&icy;&khcy; &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&kcy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&zhcy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="3e45ce2157cb03151745506042492681326638b2bbb49c8a21eff375b770b1e4/3e" data-source="Instead of mapping between offset, pack-, and index position, this reverse index maps between an object&amp;rsquo;s position within the MIDX, and that object&amp;rsquo;s position within a pseudo-pack that the MIDX describes (i.e., the ith entry of the multi-pack reverse index holds the MIDX position of ith object in pseudo-pack order)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &mcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ucy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;, &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&icy; &icy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; &scy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; MIDX &icy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; &pcy;&scy;&iecy;&vcy;&dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; MIDX (&tcy;. &iecy;. i-&yacy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&softcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &mcy;&ucy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&icy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&acy;). &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy; MIDX i-&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; &pcy;&scy;&iecy;&vcy;&dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy;).</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="8bb8cf912e2e2d4ecfca7a3cb1f150750d3b788e89da5fdd279766bc1488f0e8/09" data-source="To clarify the difference between these orderings, consider a multi-pack reachability bitmap (which does not yet exist, but is what we are building towards here). Each bit needs to correspond to an object in the MIDX, and so we need an efficient mapping from bit position to MIDX position." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&CHcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&yacy;&scy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ncy;&icy;&tscy;&ucy; &mcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ucy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy;&mcy;&icy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy;, &rcy;&acy;&scy;&scy;&mcy;&ocy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&icy;&khcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; (&kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &iecy;&shchcy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy; &scy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;, &ncy;&ocy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy; &kcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &mcy;&ycy; &zcy;&dcy;&iecy;&scy;&softcy; &scy;&tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&icy;&mcy;&scy;&yacy;). &Kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ycy;&jcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy; &dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ucy; &vcy; MIDX, &pcy;&ocy;&ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &ncy;&acy;&mcy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy; &ecy;&fcy;&fcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &scy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&acy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&iecy;&jcy; MIDX.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="6060e692a5ecb874bbf2ade98ee5a8ded59822d648cf6b41f5c7e3e17ef7cf57/45" data-source="One solution is to let bits occupy the same position in the oid-sorted index stored by the MIDX. But because oids are effectively random, their resulting reachability bitmaps would have no locality, and thus compress poorly. (This is the reason that single-pack bitmaps use the pack ordering, and not the .idx ordering, for the same purpose.)" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&zcy; &rcy;&iecy;&shcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&jcy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&icy;&tcy; &vcy; &tcy;&ocy;&mcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&acy;&mcy; &zcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ucy; &icy; &tcy;&ucy; &zhcy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&yucy; &vcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&iecy;, &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy; oid, &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; MIDX. &Ncy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &ocy;&icy;&dcy;&ycy; &fcy;&acy;&kcy;&tcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&icy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&jcy;&ncy;&ycy;, &icy;&khcy; &rcy;&iecy;&zcy;&ucy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&iecy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&ucy;&tcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&tcy;&softcy; &lcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &icy;, &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&ucy;&tcy; &pcy;&lcy;&ocy;&khcy;&ocy; &scy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy;. (&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&chcy;&icy;&ncy;&acy; &tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&iecy; &icy;&zcy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &scy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &tcy;&ocy;&jcy; &zhcy;&iecy; &tscy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &acy; &ncy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; .idx.)</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="690b8d7b44fbb03f983b75b5dc84e7daa04ecaa9f0a49f29dd3a78f069f1b215/20" data-source="So we&amp;rsquo;d like to define an ordering for the whole MIDX based around pack ordering, which has far better locality (and thus compresses more efficiently). We can think of a pseudo-pack created by the concatenation of all of the packs in the MIDX. E.g., if we had a MIDX with three packs (a, b, c), with 10, 15, and 20 objects respectively, we can imagine an ordering of the objects like:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&ocy;&ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &mcy;&ycy; &khcy;&ocy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy; &bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; MIDX, &ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &ncy;&acy; &gcy;&rcy;&ucy;&pcy;&pcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&iecy;&tcy; &gcy;&ocy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&dcy;&ocy; &lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&shcy;&ucy;&yucy; &lcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; (&icy;, &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&iecy;&iecy; &ecy;&fcy;&fcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy; &scy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;). &Mcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&mcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&iecy;&bcy;&iecy; &pcy;&scy;&iecy;&vcy;&dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;, &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &pcy;&ucy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&khcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy; MIDX. &Ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &iecy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &bcy;&ycy; &ucy; &ncy;&acy;&scy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy; MIDX &scy; &tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy; (a, b, c) &scy; 10, 15 &icy; 20 &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;, &mcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&mcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&iecy;&bcy;&iecy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-less">|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">a</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">a</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>|...|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">a</span>,<span class="hljs-number">9</span>|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">b</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">b</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>|...|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">b</span>,<span class="hljs-number">14</span>|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">c</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">c</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>|...|<span class="hljs-selector-tag">c</span>,<span class="hljs-number">19</span>|</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="c87a0192e89f2de81fccaf544567225b94f2e8c8c81f0d022001b47936b35d10/a6" data-source="where the ordering of the packs is defined by the MIDX&amp;rsquo;s pack list, and then the ordering of objects within each pack is the same as the order in the actual packfile." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&gcy;&dcy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; MIDX, &acy; &zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &zhcy;&iecy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; &vcy; &fcy;&acy;&kcy;&tcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="ed18b302802377414c7f150504fc196530525c3977b143bba70693a1adbabdb2/19" data-source="Given the list of packs and their counts of objects, you can na&amp;iuml;vely reconstruct that pseudo-pack ordering (e.g., the object at position 27 must be (c,1) because packs &amp;quot;a&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;b&amp;quot; consumed 25 of the slots). But there&amp;rsquo;s a catch. Objects may be duplicated between packs, in which case the MIDX only stores one pointer to the object (and thus we&amp;rsquo;d want only one slot in the bitmap)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ucy;&chcy;&icy;&tcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&yacy; &scy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ocy;&kcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy; &kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy; &ncy;&icy;&khcy;, &vcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&icy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy; &rcy;&iecy;&kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &pcy;&scy;&iecy;&vcy;&dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; (&ncy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&icy;&mcy;&iecy;&rcy;, &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; 27 &dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy; &bcy;&ycy;&tcy;&softcy; (c,1), &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ycy;  &quot;a&quot;  &icy;  &quot;b&quot;  &zcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&lcy;&icy; 25 &scy;&lcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;). &Ncy;&ocy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&acy; &zcy;&acy;&gcy;&vcy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&kcy;&acy;. &Ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ucy;&tcy; &dcy;&ucy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &mcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ucy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy;, &icy; &vcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy; MIDX &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy; &ncy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; (&icy;, &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &ncy;&acy;&mcy; &ncy;&ucy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &scy;&lcy;&ocy;&tcy; &vcy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&mcy; &icy;&zcy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&icy;).</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="d5c0b2aa4bb1d48b077c7189617a5875a3dbc71372ea0a961c952b5091dbae01/39" data-source="Callers could handle duplicates themselves by reading objects in order of their bit-position, but that&amp;rsquo;s linear in the number of objects, and much too expensive for ordinary bitmap lookups. Building a reverse index solves this, since it is the logical inverse of the index, and that index has already removed duplicates. But, building a reverse index on the fly can be expensive. Since we already have an on-disk format for pack-based reverse indexes, let&amp;rsquo;s reuse it for the MIDX&amp;rsquo;s pseudo-pack, too." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&ycy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&gcy;&rcy;&acy;&mcy;&mcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&lcy;&icy; &bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&bcy;&acy;&tcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &dcy;&ucy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ycy; &scy;&acy;&mcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &chcy;&icy;&tcy;&acy;&yacy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy; &icy;&khcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;, &ncy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &lcy;&icy;&ncy;&iecy;&jcy;&ncy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy; &scy;&lcy;&icy;&shcy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; &dcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &ocy;&bcy;&ycy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&acy; &pcy;&ocy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&mcy; &icy;&zcy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;&mcy;. &Ecy;&tcy;&ucy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&bcy;&lcy;&iecy;&mcy;&ucy; &rcy;&iecy;&shcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&acy;, &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &ocy;&ncy; &yacy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&icy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ocy;&mcy; &icy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; &ucy;&zhcy;&iecy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&lcy; &dcy;&ucy;&bcy;&lcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ycy;. &Ncy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&acy; &ncy;&acy; &lcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ucy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &ocy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &dcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy;. &Pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &ucy; &ncy;&acy;&scy; &ucy;&zhcy;&iecy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy; &ncy;&acy; &dcy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&iecy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ocy;&vcy;, &dcy;&acy;&vcy;&acy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &icy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &pcy;&scy;&iecy;&vcy;&dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; MIDX.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="d5c3d2271c3fbe14f49e21325e9ad8df32319dd0a57347473aef61e1625fd867/51" data-source="Objects from the MIDX are ordered as follows to string together the pseudo-pack. Let &lt;code&gt;pack(o)&lt;/code&gt; return the pack from which &lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt; was selected by the MIDX, and define an ordering of packs based on their numeric ID (as stored by the MIDX). Let &lt;code&gt;offset(o)&lt;/code&gt; return the object offset of &lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt; within &lt;code&gt;pack(o)&lt;/code&gt;. Then, compare &lt;code&gt;o1&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;o2&lt;/code&gt; as follows:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &icy;&zcy; MIDX &ucy;&pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&chcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&mcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&scy;&iecy;&vcy;&dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;. &Pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy;  <code>pack(o)</code>  &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;, &icy;&zcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; MIDX &vcy;&ycy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&lcy;  <code>o</code> , &icy; &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&ocy;&kcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &ncy;&acy; &ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy; &icy;&khcy; &chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&acy; (&kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; MIDX). &Pcy;&ucy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy;  <code>offset(o)</code>  &vcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&mcy;&iecy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;  <code>o</code>  &vcy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy;  <code>pack(o)</code> . &Zcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy; &scy;&rcy;&acy;&vcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;  <code>o1</code>  &icy;  <code>o2</code>  &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&mcy;:</span></p> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="cca64c5d58b07fdf7c2f7918da91c365a40463e71f946617b032e3ae7cc620b0/f8" data-source="If one of &lt;code&gt;pack(o1)&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;pack(o2)&lt;/code&gt; is preferred and the other is not, then the preferred one sorts first." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &icy;&zcy;  <code>pack(o1)</code>  &icy;  <code>pack(o2)</code>  &yacy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&pcy;&ocy;&chcy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy;, &acy; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&ocy;&jcy; &ncy;&iecy;&tcy;, &tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&pcy;&ocy;&chcy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &scy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&mcy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="a3363e52923cf955a9bd504de8a7fb10f5ae98589b8efd10d8614b8f7100ca2c/e8" data-source="(This is a detail that allows the MIDX bitmap to determine which pack should be used by the pack-reuse mechanism, since it can ask the MIDX for the pack containing the object at bit position 0)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">(&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &dcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&acy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&jcy; &kcy;&acy;&rcy;&tcy;&iecy; MIDX &ocy;&pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; &dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &mcy;&iecy;&khcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&zcy;&mcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ocy;&vcy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;, &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &ocy;&ncy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &ucy; MIDX &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;, &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &vcy; &bcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; 0).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="cd67973cb7b143f903aeb0d47e69709f6cc0479dafdad4b0e24416864c92d9ad/34" data-source="If &lt;code&gt;pack(o1) &amp;ne; pack(o2)&lt;/code&gt;, then sort the two objects in descending order based on the pack ID." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy;  <code>pack(o1) &ne; pack(o2)</code>  , &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&jcy;&tcy;&iecy; &dcy;&vcy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy; &ucy;&bcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy; &ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&icy;&fcy;&icy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&acy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="159a0a5df400254442109cc5b74cbcef45bc9a4fab59fd1866d639798d3e7579/69" data-source="Otherwise, &lt;code&gt;pack(o1) = pack(o2)&lt;/code&gt;, and the objects are sorted in pack-order (i.e., &lt;code&gt;o1&lt;/code&gt; sorts ahead of &lt;code&gt;o2&lt;/code&gt; exactly when &lt;code&gt;offset(o1)
&amp;lt; offset(o2)&lt;/code&gt;)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;  <code>pack(o1) = pack(o2)</code>  &icy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &scy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy; &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&icy; (&tcy;. &iecy;.  <code>o1</code>  &scy;&ocy;&rcy;&tcy;&icy;&rcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;  <code>o2</code>  &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy; &tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy;, &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy;  <code>offset(o1)
&lt; offset(o2)</code>  ).</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> <p><span data-i18n="bffd03689d516bb031f0ce32d81c1f114aec48eb7eb70c04f17fde2453f0f0d2/fe" data-source="In short, a MIDX&amp;rsquo;s pseudo-pack is the de-duplicated concatenation of objects in packs stored by the MIDX, laid out in pack order, and the packs arranged in MIDX order (with the preferred pack coming first)." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&chcy;&iecy; &gcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;, &pcy;&scy;&iecy;&vcy;&dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; MIDX &mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &dcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&pcy;&lcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&acy;&yacy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&ncy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;&khcy;, &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&shchcy;&icy;&khcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; MIDX, &rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &icy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;&yacy;&dcy;&kcy;&iecy; MIDX (&pcy;&rcy;&icy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&pcy;&ocy;&chcy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; &icy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&vcy;&ycy;&mcy;).</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="71c186e56bf4c89fa3ead326b026fe81e203370343e59c50a33732199250cc6a/4b" data-source="The MIDX&amp;rsquo;s reverse index is stored in the optional &lt;code&gt;RIDX&lt;/code&gt; chunk within the MIDX itself." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy; MIDX &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &fcy;&rcy;&acy;&gcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&iecy;  <code>RIDX</code>  &vcy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy; &scy;&acy;&mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; MIDX.</span></p> </div> <h2 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_cruft_packs"><span data-i18n="7ea4f433621deea93807362f2fa2243d77181e8ffa8919084891aa5da709fdf4/8f" data-source="Cruft packs" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Cruft packs</span></h2> <div> <p><span data-i18n="dc2ad63346932e2d2ab12b43dfbd5e96681e528cc790c0910410b6e75458b98d/a5" data-source="The cruft packs feature offer an alternative to Git&amp;rsquo;s traditional mechanism of removing unreachable objects. This document provides an overview of Git&amp;rsquo;s pruning mechanism, and how a cruft pack can be used instead to accomplish the same." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Fcy;&ucy;&ncy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; Cruft &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&lcy;&acy;&gcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy; &acy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ucy; &tcy;&rcy;&acy;&dcy;&icy;&tscy;&icy;&ocy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &mcy;&iecy;&khcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&zcy;&mcy;&ucy; Git &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;. &Vcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &dcy;&ocy;&kcy;&ucy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy; &ocy;&bcy;&zcy;&ocy;&rcy; &mcy;&iecy;&khcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&zcy;&mcy;&acy; &scy;&ocy;&kcy;&rcy;&acy;&shchcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; Git &icy; &tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;, &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&zcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; Cruft Pack.</span></p> <div> <h3 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_background"><span data-i18n="ea2b8a878841df5955c78edc6cae47446483b86e3f5ccb04e1a8d940cf7e59fd/21" data-source="Background" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Background</span></h3> <p><span data-i18n="82c5047380e580aa292449ef394e6e36c0b56f854d030edecb00ac92de536371/ef" data-source="To remove unreachable objects from your repository, Git offers &lt;code&gt;git repack -Ad&lt;/code&gt; (see &lt;a href=&quot;git-repack&quot;&gt;git-repack[1]&lt;/a&gt;). Quoting from the documentation:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy;&zcy; &vcy;&acy;&shcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;  Git  &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&lcy;&acy;&gcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;  <code>git repack -Ad</code>  (&scy;&mcy;.  <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack[1]</a> ). &TScy;&icy;&tcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy; &icy;&zcy; &dcy;&ocy;&kcy;&ucy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;:</span></p> <div> <div> <pre class="hljs language-sql">[...] unreachable objects <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> a previous pack become loose, unpacked objects,
instead <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> being <span class="hljs-keyword">left</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> the <span class="hljs-keyword">old</span> pack. [...] loose unreachable objects will be
pruned according <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> normal expiry rules <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> the next <span class="hljs-string">&apos;git gc&apos;</span> invocation.</pre> </div> </div> <p><span data-i18n="47b54b48726819514b9b5929b2a2027f21608561aba392458fde048bc7f1fd21/16" data-source="Unreachable objects aren&amp;rsquo;t removed immediately, since doing so could race with an incoming push which may reference an object which is about to be deleted. Instead, those unreachable objects are stored as loose objects and stay that way until they are older than the expiration window, at which point they are removed by &lt;a href=&quot;git-prune&quot;&gt;git-prune[1]&lt;/a&gt;." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &ncy;&iecy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy;&dcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;, &tcy;&acy;&kcy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &kcy; &scy;&ocy;&pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy; &scy; &vcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&yacy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy; push-&ucy;&vcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&mcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&iecy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&scy;&ycy;&lcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;&scy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&icy;&rcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &bcy;&ycy;&tcy;&softcy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;. &Vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &scy;&ocy;&khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&kcy; &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&kcy;&rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &icy; &ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &tcy;&acy;&kcy;&icy;&mcy;&icy; &dcy;&ocy; &tcy;&iecy;&khcy; &pcy;&ocy;&rcy;, &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy; &ocy;&ncy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy; &scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy; &scy;&tcy;&acy;&rcy;&shcy;&iecy; &ocy;&kcy;&ncy;&acy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &scy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy; &dcy;&iecy;&jcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy;&yacy;, &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy; &chcy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&ncy;&icy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy;  <a href="git-prune.html">git-prune[1]</a>  .</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="caddc55ed2cffa392dcf81b6098d8b9a57c572d06689a9e805cd2dd04f31d2c1/28" data-source="Git must store these unreachable objects loose in order to keep track of their per-object mtimes. If these unreachable objects were written into one big pack, then either freshening that pack (because an object contained within it was re-written) or creating a new pack of unreachable objects would cause the pack&amp;rsquo;s mtime to get updated, and the objects within it would never leave the expiration window. Instead, objects are stored loose in order to keep track of the individual object mtimes and avoid a situation where all cruft objects are freshened at once." onmousemove="i18n(this)">Git  &dcy;&ocy;&lcy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &ocy;&tcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&khcy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;. &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &bcy;&ycy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy;&icy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy; &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&ocy;&jcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;, &tcy;&ocy; &lcy;&icy;&bcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; (&pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &ncy;&iecy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &bcy;&ycy;&lcy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&ncy;), &lcy;&icy;&bcy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&iecy;&lcy;&ocy; &bcy;&ycy; &kcy; &ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy; &icy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy;&rcy;&icy; &ncy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy;. &ncy;&icy;&kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &ncy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&icy;&ncy;&iecy;&tcy; &ocy;&kcy;&ncy;&ocy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &scy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy; &dcy;&iecy;&jcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy;&yacy;. &Vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ocy;&tcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ocy;&tcy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&icy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&tcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &icy; &icy;&zcy;&bcy;&iecy;&gcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &scy;&icy;&tcy;&ucy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&icy;, &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ucy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &ocy;&bcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&yucy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="f08fe4b1a0677b63b6f913a7220136494950b3d3e88063f4a3e63f6e05a0d3d0/29" data-source="This can lead to undesirable situations when a repository contains many unreachable objects which have not yet left the grace period. Having large directories in the shards of &lt;code&gt;.git/objects&lt;/code&gt; can lead to decreased performance in the repository. But given enough unreachable objects, this can lead to inode starvation and degrade the performance of the whole system. Since we can never pack those objects, these repositories often take up a large amount of disk space, since we can only zlib compress them, but not store them in delta chains." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &kcy; &ncy;&iecy;&zhcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&mcy; &scy;&icy;&tcy;&ucy;&acy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy;&mcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &vcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &mcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&iecy; &iecy;&shchcy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy; &vcy;&ycy;&shcy;&lcy;&icy; &icy;&zcy; &lcy;&softcy;&gcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&ocy;&dcy;&acy;. &Ncy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&icy;&iecy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&icy;&khcy; &kcy;&acy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy; &scy;&iecy;&gcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&acy;&khcy;  <code>.git/objects</code>  &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &kcy; &scy;&ncy;&icy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&icy;&zcy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;. &Ncy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy; &ncy;&acy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&icy;&icy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&acy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&tcy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &kcy; &ncy;&iecy;&khcy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&kcy;&iecy; &icy;&ncy;&dcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &dcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&rcy;&icy;&pcy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy; &icy; &scy;&ncy;&icy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&icy;&zcy;&vcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&jcy; &scy;&icy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;&mcy;&ycy;. &Pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &mcy;&ycy; &ncy;&icy;&kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &ncy;&iecy; &scy;&mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&mcy; &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy;, &ecy;&tcy;&icy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &chcy;&acy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &zcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy; &bcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&shcy;&ocy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&mcy; &dcy;&icy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&acy;, &pcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ucy; &mcy;&ycy; &mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&mcy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &scy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &icy;&khcy; &scy; &pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&shchcy;&softcy;&yucy; zlib, &ncy;&ocy; &ncy;&iecy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &vcy; &dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&acy;-&tscy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&chcy;&kcy;&acy;&khcy;.</span></p> </div> <div> <h3 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_cruft_packs_2"><span data-i18n="7ea4f433621deea93807362f2fa2243d77181e8ffa8919084891aa5da709fdf4/8f" data-source="Cruft packs" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Cruft packs</span></h3> <p><span data-i18n="214ac6dbef74370b981f889e56d344b33bb300b88bd9b02cd97e8d0c8c1d490a/cd" data-source="A cruft pack eliminates the need for storing unreachable objects in a loose state by including the per-object mtimes in a separate file alongside a single pack containing all loose objects." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; Cruft &ucy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &ncy;&iecy;&ocy;&bcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy; &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&kcy;&rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &scy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy;&yacy;&ncy;&icy;&icy;, &vcy;&kcy;&lcy;&yucy;&chcy;&acy;&yacy; mtime &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy; &vcy; &ocy;&tcy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy; &scy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy;, &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &ncy;&iecy;&zcy;&acy;&kcy;&rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="11f4a9db66b37bbac2e027d68ac012bc659834ef024d01162a8946813c872731/5a" data-source="A cruft pack is written by &lt;code&gt;git repack --cruft&lt;/code&gt; when generating a new pack. &lt;a href=&quot;git-pack-objects&quot;&gt;git-pack-objects[1]&lt;/a&gt;&amp;apos;s &lt;code&gt;--cruft&lt;/code&gt; option. Note that &lt;code&gt;git repack --cruft&lt;/code&gt; is a classic all-into-one repack, meaning that everything in the resulting pack is reachable, and everything else is unreachable. Once written, the &lt;code&gt;--cruft&lt;/code&gt; option instructs &lt;code&gt;git repack&lt;/code&gt; to generate another pack containing only objects not packed in the previous step (which equates to packing all unreachable objects together). This progresses as follows:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Kcy;&rcy;&acy;&fcy;&tcy;-&pcy;&acy;&kcy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy;  <code>git repack --cruft</code>  &pcy;&rcy;&icy; &scy;&ocy;&zcy;&dcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&icy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&acy;. &Vcy;&acy;&rcy;&icy;&acy;&ncy;&tcy;  <code>--cruft</code>  &dcy;&lcy;&yacy;  <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects[1]</a> . &Ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &vcy;&ncy;&icy;&mcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;  <code>git repack --cruft</code>  &mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &kcy;&lcy;&acy;&scy;&scy;&icy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&kcy;&icy;&jcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy; &laquo;&vcy;&scy;&iecy; &vcy; &ocy;&dcy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&raquo;, &acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &ocy;&zcy;&ncy;&acy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &acy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ocy;&iecy; &mdash; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ocy;. &Pcy;&ocy;&scy;&lcy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy; &ocy;&pcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy;  <code>--cruft</code>  &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;  <code>git repack</code>  &scy;&gcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &iecy;&shchcy;&iecy; &ocy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;, &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&shchcy;&icy;&jcy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy;, &ncy;&iecy; &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ycy;&dcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy; &shcy;&acy;&gcy;&iecy; (&chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &scy;&ocy;&ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&ucy;&iecy;&tcy; &ucy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&iecy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy;&khcy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;). &Ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&icy;&scy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy; &scy;&lcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ucy;&yucy;&shchcy;&icy;&mcy; &ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&zcy;&ocy;&mcy;:</span></p> <div> <ol> <li> <p><span data-i18n="ca0557981d51b663365e73051ad4e1b0db65fa7adb4e9142fe4f3a53794c3e39/41" data-source="Enumerate every object, marking any object which is (a) not contained in a kept-pack, and (b) whose mtime is within the grace period as a traversal tip." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&chcy;&icy;&scy;&lcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;, &ocy;&tcy;&mcy;&iecy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy; &lcy;&yucy;&bcy;&ocy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; (&acy;) &ncy;&iecy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &scy;&ocy;&khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&iecy; &icy; (&bcy;) &chcy;&softcy;&iecy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&yacy; &ncy;&acy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&icy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&iecy;&lcy;&acy;&khcy; &lcy;&softcy;&gcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ncy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&ocy;&dcy;&acy;, &vcy; &kcy;&acy;&chcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&scy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&kcy;&icy; &pcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy;&ucy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="deef143d8457e00512e4a7cba9e94a0baa9e9bdeedb7acbf6643f32cfe60f34d/0a" data-source="Perform a reachability traversal based on the tips gathered in the previous step, adding every object along the way to the pack." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Vcy;&ycy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&khcy;&ocy;&dcy; &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&icy; &ncy;&acy; &ocy;&scy;&ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy; &scy;&ocy;&vcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &scy;&ocy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ncy;&acy; &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ycy;&dcy;&ucy;&shchcy;&iecy;&mcy; &shcy;&acy;&gcy;&iecy;, &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&yacy; &vcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy; &ncy;&acy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&mcy; &pcy;&ucy;&tcy;&icy;.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span data-i18n="bee96b7e01e800143fab7a37fe6fbb003898cbeedb7fa4972e59b2ecb1a78154/f9" data-source="Write the pack out, along with a &lt;code&gt;.mtimes&lt;/code&gt; file that records the per-object timestamps." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&shcy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy; &scy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;&ocy;&mcy;  <code>.mtimes</code> , &vcy; &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ocy;&mcy; &zcy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&ncy;&ycy; &vcy;&rcy;&iecy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &mcy;&iecy;&tcy;&kcy;&icy; &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;.</span></p> </li> </ol> </div> <p><span data-i18n="49f00b1931caf8700b9404c133cd62e0fc8a2687c102af7ade01f783ffb36e42/92" data-source="This mode is invoked internally by &lt;a href=&quot;git-repack&quot;&gt;git-repack[1]&lt;/a&gt; when instructed to write a cruft pack. Crucially, the set of in-core kept packs is exactly the set of packs which will not be deleted by the repack; in other words, they contain all of the repository&amp;rsquo;s reachable objects." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &rcy;&iecy;&zhcy;&icy;&mcy; &vcy;&ycy;&zcy;&ycy;&vcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy;&ncy;&ucy;&tcy;&rcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&iecy;  <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack[1]</a> , &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy; &iecy;&mcy;&ucy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ocy; &ucy;&kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &ncy;&acy;&pcy;&icy;&scy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; Cruft. &Vcy;&acy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ocy;&tcy;&mcy;&iecy;&tcy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy; &ncy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&rcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &khcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy;&yacy;&shchcy;&icy;&khcy;&scy;&yacy; &vcy; &yacy;&dcy;&rcy;&iecy;, &mdash; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy; &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy; &tcy;&ocy;&tcy; &ncy;&acy;&bcy;&ocy;&rcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&ycy;&jcy; &ncy;&iecy; &bcy;&ucy;&dcy;&iecy;&tcy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy; &pcy;&rcy;&icy; &pcy;&iecy;&rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy;&kcy;&iecy;; &dcy;&rcy;&ucy;&gcy;&icy;&mcy;&icy; &scy;&lcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&mcy;&icy;, &ocy;&ncy;&icy; &scy;&ocy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&acy;&tcy; &vcy;&scy;&iecy; &dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&yacy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="c1b37c420c296bfeb6f8a2976ba347834e42728614c85c917333b6997dd4147e/8c" data-source="When a repository already has a cruft pack, &lt;code&gt;git repack --cruft&lt;/code&gt; typically only adds objects to it. An exception to this is when &lt;code&gt;git repack&lt;/code&gt; is given the &lt;code&gt;--cruft-expiration&lt;/code&gt; option, which allows the generated cruft pack to omit expired objects instead of waiting for &lt;a href=&quot;git-gc&quot;&gt;git-gc[1]&lt;/a&gt; to expire those objects later on." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &vcy; &rcy;&iecy;&pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&icy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&icy;&icy; &ucy;&zhcy;&iecy; &iecy;&scy;&tcy;&softcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy; Cruft Pack,  <code>git repack --cruft</code>  &ocy;&bcy;&ycy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &tcy;&ocy;&lcy;&softcy;&kcy;&ocy; &dcy;&ocy;&bcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &vcy; &ncy;&iecy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy;. &Icy;&scy;&kcy;&lcy;&yucy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy;&mcy; &yacy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &scy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&jcy;, &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy;  <code>git repack</code>  &pcy;&rcy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&vcy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy;&scy;&yacy; &ocy;&pcy;&tscy;&icy;&yacy;  <code>--cruft-expiration</code> , &kcy;&ocy;&tcy;&ocy;&rcy;&acy;&yacy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&vcy;&ocy;&lcy;&yacy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&gcy;&iecy;&ncy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&rcy;&ocy;&vcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ocy;&mcy;&ucy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&iecy;&tcy;&ucy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ucy;&scy;&kcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ycy; &scy; &icy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;&kcy;&shcy;&icy;&mcy; &scy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy;&ocy;&mcy; &dcy;&iecy;&jcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy;&yacy; &vcy;&mcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ocy; &tcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &zhcy;&dcy;&acy;&tcy;&softcy;, &pcy;&ocy;&kcy;&acy;  <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc[1]</a>  &icy;&scy;&tcy;&iecy;&chcy;&iecy;&tcy; &scy;&rcy;&ocy;&kcy; &dcy;&iecy;&jcy;&scy;&tcy;&vcy;&icy;&yacy; &ecy;&tcy;&icy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &pcy;&ocy;&zcy;&zhcy;&iecy;.</span></p> <p><span data-i18n="3e1c630464c244f2c7cb5d44a5622fd0edcdf652f387193eb913dde67f457ced/ff" data-source="It is &lt;a href=&quot;git-gc&quot;&gt;git-gc[1]&lt;/a&gt; that is typically responsible for removing expired unreachable objects." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Zcy;&acy; &ucy;&dcy;&acy;&lcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&rcy;&ocy;&chcy;&iecy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ncy;&iecy;&dcy;&ocy;&scy;&tcy;&ucy;&pcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &ocy;&bcy;&ycy;&chcy;&ncy;&ocy; &ocy;&tcy;&vcy;&iecy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;&tcy;  <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc[1]</a> .</span></p> </div> <div> <h3 class="text-body-emphasis"  id="_alternatives"><span data-i18n="41055f72edad1559b8ba43440cd7938eb73685930c7141fede9b95000fd41299/e9" data-source="Alternatives" onmousemove="i18n(this)">Alternatives</span></h3> <p><span data-i18n="7c91eb0a318cfcdb36f6af6abf2464c1dab71b692683bcefc5d28b1203260962/d8" data-source="Notable alternatives to this design include:" onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Icy;&zcy;&vcy;&iecy;&scy;&tcy;&ncy;&ycy;&iecy; &acy;&lcy;&softcy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&ncy;&acy;&tcy;&icy;&vcy;&ycy; &ecy;&tcy;&ocy;&jcy; &kcy;&ocy;&ncy;&scy;&tcy;&rcy;&ucy;&kcy;&tscy;&icy;&icy; &vcy;&kcy;&lcy;&yucy;&chcy;&acy;&yucy;&tcy;:</span></p> <div> <ul> <li> <p><span data-i18n="525b4347093dbb3d167c467009a36fcc845d3ae77eca4dff109139384f8e82e3/f4" data-source="The location of the per-object mtime data." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&iecy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; mtime &dcy;&lcy;&yacy; &kcy;&acy;&zhcy;&dcy;&ocy;&gcy;&ocy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&kcy;&tcy;&acy;.</span></p> </li> </ul> </div> <p><span data-i18n="a39ea4cf2c8b9db4d1adaba580d123658e427af3221b954832adf34e549dacf9/fb" data-source="On the location of mtime data, a new auxiliary file tied to the pack was chosen to avoid complicating the &lt;code&gt;.idx&lt;/code&gt; format. If the &lt;code&gt;.idx&lt;/code&gt; format were ever to gain support for optional chunks of data, it may make sense to consolidate the &lt;code&gt;.mtimes&lt;/code&gt; format into the &lt;code&gt;.idx&lt;/code&gt; itself." onmousemove="i18n(this)">&Pcy;&ocy; &rcy;&acy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&iecy;&ncy;&icy;&yucy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; mtime &bcy;&ycy;&lcy; &vcy;&ycy;&bcy;&rcy;&acy;&ncy; &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; &vcy;&scy;&pcy;&ocy;&mcy;&ocy;&gcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &fcy;&acy;&jcy;&lcy;, &pcy;&rcy;&icy;&vcy;&yacy;&zcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&jcy; &kcy; &pcy;&acy;&kcy;&ucy;, &chcy;&tcy;&ocy;&bcy;&ycy; &ncy;&iecy; &ucy;&scy;&lcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&yacy;&tcy;&softcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;  <code>.idx</code> . &IEcy;&scy;&lcy;&icy; &bcy;&ycy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;  <code>.idx</code>  &kcy;&ocy;&gcy;&dcy;&acy;-&lcy;&icy;&bcy;&ocy; &pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ucy;&chcy;&icy;&lcy; &pcy;&ocy;&dcy;&dcy;&iecy;&rcy;&zhcy;&kcy;&ucy; &dcy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;&lcy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&iecy;&lcy;&softcy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy; &fcy;&rcy;&acy;&gcy;&mcy;&iecy;&ncy;&tcy;&ocy;&vcy; &dcy;&acy;&ncy;&ncy;&ycy;&khcy;, &vcy;&ocy;&zcy;&mcy;&ocy;&zhcy;&ncy;&ocy;, &icy;&mcy;&iecy;&lcy;&ocy; &bcy;&ycy; &scy;&mcy;&ycy;&scy;&lcy; &ocy;&bcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&dcy;&icy;&ncy;&icy;&tcy;&softcy; &fcy;&ocy;&rcy;&mcy;&acy;&tcy;  <code>.mtimes</code>  &vcy; &scy;&acy;&mcy;  <code>.idx</code> .</span></p> </div> </div><address>
<p>
    &copy; 2012&ndash;2024 Scott Chacon and others<br/>Licensed under the MIT License.<br/>
<a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/gitformat-pack">https://git-scm.com/docs/gitformat-pack</a>
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